How Do I Know If My Cat Has Dental Disease
Medically Reviewed by Dr. James Aris, VMD, Veterinary Dentist & Surgeon
Understanding Feline Dental Disease
Dental disease is one of the most common health issues affecting cats, particularly as they age. Studies suggest that by the age of three, most cats already show some signs of oral health problems. Despite its prevalence, dental disease often goes unnoticed because cats are skilled at hiding discomfort—a survival instinct that can make it challenging for owners to identify problems until they become serious. Understanding what to look for helps ensure your cat receives timely care.
What Is Dental Disease in Cats?
Dental disease encompasses a range of conditions affecting the teeth, gums, and supporting structures of the mouth. The most common form is periodontal disease, which begins with plaque buildup and can progress to affect the gums, teeth, and bone structure. Other conditions include gingivitis (gum inflammation), stomatitis (extreme inflammation of the mouth tissues), and tooth resorption (where the tooth structure breaks down).
These conditions can cause pain, difficulty eating, and if left untreated, can lead to more serious health problems affecting the heart, liver, and kidneys.
Signs Your Cat May Have Dental Disease
Changes in Eating Habits
One of the first signs of dental problems is a change in how your cat eats. Watch for reluctance to eat, especially dry food; dropping food from the mouth while eating; chewing on only one side of the mouth; preference for softer foods over hard kibble; or showing interest in food but walking away without eating.
Excessive Drooling or Pawing at the Mouth
While some drooling can be normal, excessive drooling—especially if it’s bloody or has an unusual odor—can indicate dental problems. Similarly, if your cat frequently paws at their mouth or rubs their face against objects, this may signal oral discomfort.
Bad Breath
While cat breath isn’t typically pleasant, unusually foul or strong odor can be a warning sign of dental disease. Bacterial buildup in the mouth, infected gums, or decaying teeth all produce distinctive unpleasant smells.
Visible Changes in the Mouth
Gently lifting your cat’s lips allows you to observe the condition of their teeth and gums. Signs to watch for include red, swollen, or bleeding gums; gums that appear to be receding away from teeth; visible tartar buildup (brown or yellow deposits on teeth); loose or missing teeth; and any lumps, bumps, or sores in the mouth.
Behavioral Changes
Dental pain can cause cats to become more irritable or withdrawn. You might notice increased aggression when the head or mouth is touched; hiding more than usual; decreased grooming or grooming focused only on one side; or unusual quietness or reluctance to play.
Weight Changes
If eating becomes uncomfortable, your cat may eat less and begin to lose weight. Keep an eye on your cat’s body condition and food intake, particularly for cats who are already at a healthy weight.
The Importance of Professional Evaluation
While home observation is valuable, many dental problems are not visible to the naked eye and require professional examination. Regular veterinary dental check-ups are essential, particularly for cats over three years of age. Your veterinarian can identify problems that aren’t yet causing obvious symptoms and recommend appropriate care.
Risk Factors for Dental Disease
Certain factors increase the likelihood of dental disease in cats. These include advanced age, a diet consisting primarily of soft foods, a history of untreated dental problems, crowded teeth, and lack of regular dental care. Some breeds, particularly those with flat faces like Persians and Himalayans, may be more prone to dental issues due to their jaw structure.
Prevention and Early Detection
While not all dental disease can be prevented, several practices support oral health. Regular tooth brushing with cat-specific toothpaste helps reduce plaque buildup. Dental treats and toys designed for cats can provide some cleaning benefit. Feeding a mix of wet and dry food may help reduce tartar accumulation. Regular veterinary examinations catch problems early before they become serious.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional veterinary advice. If you notice any signs of dental problems in your cat, or if your cat shows changes in eating habits, drooling, bad breath, or mouth discomfort, please consult a qualified veterinarian for proper evaluation and appropriate care.